Amagambo y'ingenzi ku ngingo: Sulfate ya aluminiyumu, Sulfate ya Feri, Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC), Polyacrylamide (PAM)
Sulfate ya aluminiyumu ni ikintu kidasanzwe kidakoreshwa mu bimera gifite formula ya shimi Al₂ (SO₄)₃, uburemere bwa molekile 342.15, n'ishusho y'umweru isa na kristu. Nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bijyanye no gutunganya amazi, akazi kacyo k'ingenzi ni ukurema uduce twa colloidal binyuze mu gukora hydrolysis; utu duce duto duto duto, colloides, n'imyanda imwe n'imwe yashongeshejwe iri mu mazi, bityo bigatuma amazi asukurwa. Uburyo ikoreshwamo bukubiyemo ibintu bitandukanye, birimo gutunganya amazi yo kunywa, gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda, gutegura ibikoresho bipima rosin mu nganda zikora impapuro, no guhindura ibara ry'amavuta.
I. Amahame ya tekiniki n'imirimo y'ingenzi:
Iyo aluminiyumu sulfate ishongeshejwe mu mazi, iyoni za aluminiyumu (Al³⁺) zifatanya na molekile z'amazi kugira ngo zikore iyoni za aluminiyumu zirimo amazi, hanyuma zigahita zikora hydrolysis nyinshi kugira ngo zikore koloidi za aluminiyumu hydroxide. Ubuso bw'izi koloidi bufite charge nziza, bigatuma zigabanya charge mbi ku duce duto two mu mazi. Uku kugabanya charge bibangamira imiterere y'uduce, bigatuma twishyira hamwe mu duce duto (clumps), amaherezo tugatandukana binyuze mu gusya cyangwa kuyungurura. Iyi nzira yose izwi nka "coagulation-sedimentation" kandi ikaba intambwe ikomeye mu gutunganya amazi. Byongeye kandi, sulfate ya aluminiyumu ishobora gukorana na iyoni zimwe na zimwe z'icyuma gikomeye ziri mu mazi (nk'icyuma na manganese) kugira ngo zikore ibintu bidashonga, bityo bigafasha mu gukuraho imyanda yashongeshejwe.
Aojin Chemical itanga ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibicuruzwa bisukura amazi bigurishwa, birimo aluminium sulfate, ferrous sulfate,Polyaluminum Chloride (PAC), na Polyacrylamide (PAM)Abakiriya barashishikarizwa guhitamo ibicuruzwa hakurikijwe ibyo bakeneye byihariye. Twakira umuntu wese ukeneye ibikoresho byo gusukura amazi ku rubuga rwa Aojin Chemical!
II. Ibyerekeye ishyirwa mu bikorwa n'ibigomba kwitabwaho mu mikorere:
Mu gutunganya amazi yo kunywa, sulfate ya aluminiyumu ikoreshwa cyane hamwe n'ibikoresho bifasha mu gushonga - nka karubone cyangwa polyacrylamide - kugira ngo bikureho neza umwanda, algae, n'ibintu bikomoka ku bimera. Mu gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda, ingano ya sulfate ya aluminiyumu igomba guhindurwa hashingiwe ku gaciro ka pH k'amazi: mu gihe cy'aside, hydrolysis ya iyoni za aluminiyumu ikomeza neza; icyakora, gupima cyane bishobora gutuma urugero rwa aluminium rusigara mu myanda yavuwe rurenga imipaka yemewe. Ku rundi ruhande, mu bidukikije bya alkaline, ni ngombwa kongeramo ibintu bihindura pH (nk'indimu) kugira ngo byoroshye imikorere ya flocculation. Mu nganda zikora impapuro, sulfate ya aluminiyumu ikora nk'ikintu gipima ingano ya rosin; ikorana na aside ya rosin kugira ngo ikore amasabune ya aluminiyumu idashonga, bityo yongera ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi mu mpapuro. Mu rwego rwo guhindura ibara rya peteroli, imiterere y'icyo kintu ikoreshwa mu gukuraho ishinya na asphaltenes mu bicuruzwa by'amavuta. III. Ibyiza bya tekiniki n'imikorere ifatika:
Ugereranyije n'izindi flocculants (nk'umunyu w'icyuma), sulfate ya aluminiyumu ifite ibi bikurikira: Icya mbere, hydroxide ya aluminiyumu ya colloidal ikorwa mu gihe cyo gushonga ifite ingano imwe y'uduce duto n'ubushobozi bwo gushonga cyane, bityo ikagabanya ingano isabwa y'umuti. Icya kabiri, igira akamaro ku rugero rwa pH runini (5.5–8.5), bigatuma hadakenerwa uburyo bwinshi bwo guhindura aside cyangwa alkalinity y'amazi. Icya gatatu, iyoni za aluminiyumu zisigaye zishobora gukurwaho binyuze mu nzira zikurikira zo gutunganya (nk'umucanga cyangwa gushyiramo karubone), bityo bigabanye ibyago byo kwandura. Amakuru y'igerageza agaragaza ko mu gihe cyo gutunganya amazi yo mu ruzi afite umwanda mwinshi, ingano ya sulfate ya aluminiyumu ya 30–50 mg/L ishobora kugera ku gipimo cyo gukuramo umwanda kirenga 90%, bigatuma imyanda yavuwe yujuje ibisabwa by'isuku ku mazi yo kunywa yo mu ngo.
IV. Amabwiriza agenga umutekano no kubika:
Ni ngombwa kwirinda kubika hamwe n'ibikoresho bikomeye cyangwa ogisijeni ikomeye kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka mbi z'ubushyuhe. Ahantu ho kubika hagomba kuguma humutse kandi hagashyirwa ku bushyuhe buri munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 50 kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibicuruzwa byakwinjiramo ubushuhe no gupfunyika. Mu gihe cyo kubikoresha, ugomba kwambara uturindantoki n'amadarubindi kugira ngo wirinde guhumeka ivumbi cyangwa gukora ku ruhu. Mu gihe byakozwe ku maso ku bw'impanuka, oza vuba n'amazi meza menshi kandi ushake ubuvuzi. Mu gihe cyo kubitwara, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo kurinda ibicuruzwa ubushuhe n'ibyangiritse, kugira ngo bigerweho neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-25-2026
